Omar Afra — Live Music Economics
Where Do Concert Tickets Go Before General Sale? Holds, Presales and the Inventory Stack
A public onsale does not necessarily begin with every sellable ticket. Inventory is allocated through decisions made by event organizers, and quantities usually remain confidential.
- Research by
- Omar Afra · Live Index
- Published
- Updated
Central finding
Before general sale, ticket inventory may be routed into fan-club and other presales or held for production and other purposes. GAO found no comprehensive national presale-share data: its cited 38% presale and roughly 16% hold figures describe a historical sample of selected New York concerts, not all shows. Held seats can later return to sale as production needs change.
LIVE INDEX / RESEARCH INSTRUMENT / 01—06
01 / Capacity to manifest
Capacity to manifest
PROCESS VIEW · WIDTHS DO NOT ENCODE SHARE
INVENTORY CHANNEL
Primary first
Select a path to inspect its meaning and evidence.
Equal process paths encode sequence, not quantities. Dashes indicate possible return; the downstream dotted line is resale after purchase.
SOURCE / SCOPE · New York Attorney General · 74 selected high-grossing concerts, 2012–2015
Configuration, production constraints and accessible inventory precede a sellable manifest.
Data and sources · 3 rows
| Allocation | Selected New York shows · 2012–15 | Source |
|---|---|---|
| General public | 46% | NY Attorney General |
| Holds | 16% | Same selected sample |
| Presales | 38% | Same selected sample |
The manifest is not the public onsale
The venue’s physical capacity, production configuration and sellable ticket manifest are not interchangeable numbers. A show can have seats withheld for sightlines, equipment, guest lists or contractual allocations. Ticketmaster says artists and teams decide how many tickets and which types enter individual presales, as well as pricing and timing. A venue’s published capacity cannot tell a reader how many tickets will appear on a public onsale screen. 2
What GAO could and could not observe
In its 2018 investigation the Government Accountability Office reported that there was no comprehensive presale-share dataset because allocation is often confidential. Industry representatives described 10–30% of tickets to major concerts typically offered in presales, with figures as high as roughly 65% for some major artists in large venues. Two organizers described fan-club presales at around 8%; one large ticketing company described 10%. These are reported industry accounts, not a measured national distribution. 1
The New York Attorney General reviewed top-grossing concerts in selected New York venues from 2012 to 2015 using allocation data supplied by Live Nation/Ticketmaster and AEG. In that sample, the reported average allocations were 46% general public, 38% presales and 16% holds. These sampled shares sum to 100% within the report’s historical allocation frame; they do not describe all shows today and cannot be transferred to a current national ticket pie. Geography, dates, selection and undisclosed contracts limit generalization. 1
| Allocation | Share of sampled tickets | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| General public | 46% | NY selected top-grossing shows |
| Holds | 16% | NY selected top-grossing shows |
| Presales | 38% | NY selected top-grossing shows |
A presale is a routing decision, not a separate room
According to Ticketmaster’s account of the onsale process, the artist, manager, agent and promoter group decides dates, timing and distribution channels. Access rules can reflect a fan club, card partnership, venue mailing list or other event-specific arrangement. A presale code can establish eligibility to try buying a ticket; it is not a guarantee of availability or a proof that all remaining inventory was withheld. See presales explained for the distinction between subscriber and other presales. 24
A hold can change state
Production holds may be retained while a touring team finishes stage and camera layouts. The ticketing company’s July 2026 description says configuration changes can open inventory days or hours before doors; some releases route through artist-managed waitlists. A late-appearing face-value seat is not necessarily a returned resale ticket, a newly added seat or evidence that the show was never sold out under its earlier configuration. The same ticket mark in the instrument changes from hold to late release rather than appearing from nowhere. 3
| Stage | Decision or constraint | Quantity publicly known? | Evidence / limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Configured capacity | Venue / event configuration | Venue-specific only | Physical capacity does not equal the manifest |
| Sellable manifest | Production kills and accessible-seat rules | Event-specific | ADA ticket sales guidance 6 |
| Presale / holds / public | Artist and event-organizer allocations | Usually confidential | NY historical sample is not universal 15 |
| Unused allocation | Organizer reallocation | Event-specific | Not inferred from a presale percentage |
| Late production release | Final stage / sightline configuration | Event-specific | Ticketmaster Business 3 |
| Primary vs resale | Original ticket release versus later transaction | Not a shared inventory pool | Separate market definitions |
Accessibility and primary versus resale
Accessible seating has specific ticket-sales obligations and cannot be treated as discretionary promotional inventory. The ADA guidance applies to availability and sale of accessible seats, not a license to add them to an unsourced hold estimate. A primary late release is inventory sold by the organizer; a resale listing transfers an already purchased ticket in a separate transaction. Neither distinction changes the documented New York sample allocation. 6
Reading the instrument honestly
The schematic shows states and possible transitions, not exact widths. There is no credible numeric value for each flow at a generic concert. The historical New York toggle displays the three reported sample allocations and identifies their denominator. The historic sample is a separate view with an explicit denominator; it cannot be used to size a current manifest. The late-release analysis continues the story from hold to release.
Research notes and limitations
The GAO reported industry estimates and a selected historical New York sample, not national counts. The flow is schematic unless a sample and its denominator are explicitly named. No unsourced percentages are assigned to generic events.
References
- 01GAO, Event Ticket Sales: Market Characteristics and Consumer Protection Issues, 2018. www.gao.gov/assets/gao-18-347.pdf
- 02Ticketmaster, presale codes and event-specific inventory, 2026. blog.ticketmaster.com/presale-codes
- 03Ticketmaster Business, late-release tickets and production holds, July 2026. business.ticketmaster.com/ticketmaster-and-seated-help-artists-connect-late-release-tickets-with-fans
- 04Ticketmaster, Ticketing Truths: organizer decisions about timing and distribution. www.ticketmaster.com/ticketingtruths
- 05New York Attorney General, ticket sales report, 2012–15 sample. ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/reports/Ticket_Sales_Report.pdf
- 06U.S. Department of Justice, ADA ticket sales guidance. www.ada.gov/resources/ticket-sales
Publication record
The structured record for this document. Classification is drawn from the Live Index controlled vocabulary so relationships between people, subjects, places and measurements stay consistent across the platform.
- Content type
- Research
- Primary topic
- Ticketing
- Secondary topics
- Ticket Pricing
- Methodology
- What we measure
Corrections and revisions
No corrections have been issued for this document. Substantive errors are corrected on this page, dated and retained.
Cite this research
- Plain
- Omar Afra, "Where Do Concert Tickets Go Before General Sale? Holds, Presales and the Inventory Stack", Live Index, October 1, 2026, https://liveindex.io/research/where-concert-tickets-go-before-general-sale
- APA
- Afra, O. (2026, October 1). Where Do Concert Tickets Go Before General Sale? Holds, Presales and the Inventory Stack. Live Index. https://liveindex.io/research/where-concert-tickets-go-before-general-sale
- Chicago
- Omar Afra. "Where Do Concert Tickets Go Before General Sale? Holds, Presales and the Inventory Stack." Live Index, October 1, 2026. https://liveindex.io/research/where-concert-tickets-go-before-general-sale.
- BibTeX
- @online{research-where-concert-tickets-go-before-general-sale-2026, author = {Omar Afra}, title = {Where Do Concert Tickets Go Before General Sale? Holds, Presales and the Inventory Stack}, organization = {Live Index}, date = {2026-10-01}, url = {https://liveindex.io/research/where-concert-tickets-go-before-general-sale} }