{
  "name": "Live economy equity segments",
  "url": "https://liveindex.io/equities",
  "publisher": "Live Index",
  "methodology": "https://liveindex.io/equities/methodology",
  "methodologyVersion": "1.0",
  "reviewed": "2026-08-22",
  "license": "Live Index methodology and taxonomy, reuse with attribution. Third-party source data is not relicensed.",
  "indexReleased": false,
  "count": 8,
  "segments": [
    {
      "slug": "promotion-venues",
      "name": "Promotion and venues",
      "url": "https://liveindex.io/equities/segments/promotion-venues",
      "definition": "Companies that book, promote or operate live-music events and the rooms they take place in, and whose revenue moves with attendance and ticket yield.",
      "eligibility": [
        "The company reports revenue from promoting events, operating venues, or booking talent, in a segment disclosure or an equivalent primary document.",
        "That revenue is attributable to live events rather than to recorded music, broadcast rights or unrelated property income.",
        "The reported activity is recurring rather than a single event or a one-off promotion agreement."
      ],
      "boundary": [
        "Real-estate owners that lease a building to an operator without taking event risk are excluded; the lease is a property relationship, not a live-revenue one.",
        "Sports-only facility operators are excluded unless the disclosure separates concert and other live-music activity.",
        "Hospitality groups with incidental live programming are excluded absent a disclosed live-revenue line."
      ],
      "activities": [
        "Concert and festival promotion",
        "Arena, amphitheatre, theatre and club operation",
        "Talent booking for owned or operated rooms",
        "Venue sponsorship and premium seating sold against live programming"
      ],
      "status": "framework"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ticketing",
      "name": "Ticketing",
      "url": "https://liveindex.io/equities/segments/ticketing",
      "definition": "Companies whose revenue comes from selling, distributing or reselling admission to live events, principally through service fees charged on the transaction.",
      "eligibility": [
        "The company reports revenue from primary ticket distribution, secondary marketplace activity, or ticketing technology licensed to venues and promoters.",
        "The revenue is transaction-linked rather than a flat software subscription unrelated to admissions volume.",
        "Live-event ticketing can be separated from ticketing for non-live categories in the disclosure."
      ],
      "boundary": [
        "General-purpose payment processors are excluded even where events are a large customer category.",
        "Travel and attraction booking platforms are excluded unless live-event admissions are disclosed separately."
      ],
      "activities": [
        "Primary ticket sale and distribution",
        "Secondary-market resale platforms",
        "White-label ticketing systems licensed to venues",
        "Access control and scanning tied to admissions revenue"
      ],
      "status": "framework"
    },
    {
      "slug": "audio-lighting",
      "name": "Audio and lighting",
      "url": "https://liveindex.io/equities/segments/audio-lighting",
      "definition": "Manufacturers and rental houses supplying the sound reinforcement and lighting systems that a live performance cannot be staged without.",
      "eligibility": [
        "The company manufactures, distributes or rents professional audio or lighting systems specified for live performance.",
        "Live and touring applications are separable in the disclosure from installed commercial, broadcast or residential business.",
        "Revenue is recurring across tours or venue installations rather than tied to a single contract."
      ],
      "boundary": [
        "Consumer audio brands are excluded; a domestic loudspeaker business is not live-economy exposure.",
        "Architectural lighting and general electrical contracting are excluded."
      ],
      "activities": [
        "Professional loudspeaker, console and amplification manufacture",
        "Entertainment lighting fixtures and control systems",
        "Touring audio and lighting rental and production services"
      ],
      "status": "framework"
    },
    {
      "slug": "video-led-projection",
      "name": "Video, LED and projection",
      "url": "https://liveindex.io/equities/segments/video-led-projection",
      "definition": "Companies supplying the large-format video walls, LED surfaces, projection systems and screen content infrastructure that have become standard production elements at scale.",
      "eligibility": [
        "The company manufactures, integrates or rents large-format LED, video or projection systems used in live performance.",
        "Live-event revenue is disclosed separately from installed signage, broadcast or corporate display business."
      ],
      "boundary": [
        "Consumer display manufacture is excluded.",
        "Digital out-of-home advertising networks are excluded unless live-event revenue is disclosed."
      ],
      "activities": [
        "Touring LED wall supply and integration",
        "Projection systems for live performance",
        "Screen content playback and media servers"
      ],
      "status": "framework"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rigging-staging",
      "name": "Rigging and staging",
      "url": "https://liveindex.io/equities/segments/rigging-staging",
      "definition": "Companies supplying the structures, trusses, hoists, decks and temporary infrastructure that physically hold a live production up.",
      "eligibility": [
        "The company manufactures or supplies structural staging, truss, rigging hardware, hoists or temporary event infrastructure.",
        "Event work is separable from general construction, industrial lifting or permanent-structure business."
      ],
      "boundary": [
        "General construction and industrial crane hire are excluded.",
        "Permanent architectural steel is excluded."
      ],
      "activities": [
        "Truss and rigging hardware manufacture",
        "Temporary stage and roof systems for festivals",
        "Event structural engineering and crew services"
      ],
      "status": "framework"
    },
    {
      "slug": "instruments-backline",
      "name": "Instruments and backline",
      "url": "https://liveindex.io/equities/segments/instruments-backline",
      "definition": "Manufacturers and suppliers of the instruments, amplification and backline equipment performers use on stage, and the retail and rental channels that serve them.",
      "eligibility": [
        "The company manufactures, distributes, rents or retails musical instruments, amplification or backline equipment.",
        "Professional and touring revenue is disclosed separately, or the company's business is predominantly professional."
      ],
      "boundary": [
        "General consumer electronics retail is excluded.",
        "Recorded-music production software with no live application is excluded."
      ],
      "activities": [
        "Instrument and amplifier manufacture",
        "Backline rental for tours and festivals",
        "Professional instrument retail and distribution"
      ],
      "status": "framework"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rights-publishing",
      "name": "Rights and publishing",
      "url": "https://liveindex.io/equities/segments/rights-publishing",
      "definition": "Companies whose revenue includes performance royalties, synchronisation and catalogue income that arises when music is performed live or licensed for live use.",
      "eligibility": [
        "The company discloses performance-licence, live-synchronisation or comparable live-attributable royalty revenue.",
        "The live-attributable portion can be isolated from recorded and streaming income in the disclosure."
      ],
      "boundary": [
        "Streaming platforms are excluded; a stream is not a live performance.",
        "Recorded-music labels with no disclosed live-attributable royalty line are excluded."
      ],
      "activities": [
        "Music publishing with disclosed performance-royalty income",
        "Performing-rights administration",
        "Catalogue owners with disclosed live-licensing revenue"
      ],
      "status": "framework"
    },
    {
      "slug": "media-adjacency",
      "name": "Media adjacency",
      "url": "https://liveindex.io/equities/segments/media-adjacency",
      "definition": "Companies whose live exposure runs through broadcast, streaming, sponsorship or content rights attached to live events rather than through admissions.",
      "eligibility": [
        "The company discloses revenue from live-event broadcast rights, event streaming, event sponsorship or live content production.",
        "That revenue is separable from general advertising, subscription or catalogue content income."
      ],
      "boundary": [
        "General streaming subscription businesses are excluded.",
        "Advertising agencies without disclosed live-event revenue are excluded."
      ],
      "activities": [
        "Festival and concert broadcast or streaming rights",
        "Live-event sponsorship sales",
        "Concert film and live content production"
      ],
      "status": "framework"
    }
  ]
}